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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 49-58.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00034

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敦煌-格尔木铁路沿线荒漠灌丛风动力环境与沉积物粒度特征

张宏雪1,2(), 张克存1(), 安志山1, 鱼燕萍3   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站/沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.甘肃农业大学,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-14 修回日期:2023-04-05 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 张克存
  • 作者简介:张克存(E-mail: kecunzh@lzb.ac.cn
    张宏雪(1994—),女,河南商城人,博士研究生,主要从事风沙灾害防治研究。E-mail: zhanghongxue@nieer.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42171083)

Wind dynamic environment and sediment grain size characteristics of shrub desert along Dunhuang-Golmud Railway

Hongxue Zhang1,2(), Kecun Zhang1(), Zhishan An1, Yanping Yu3   

  1. 1.Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecological and Environmental Research Station / Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2022-12-14 Revised:2023-04-05 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Kecun Zhang

摘要:

敦煌-格尔木铁路穿越西北干旱荒漠区,地表裸露、沙源丰富、风沙活动强烈。通过野外风沙定位监测和地表沉积物粒度特征分析,揭示了铁路沿线灌丛路段风动力环境和地表沉积物特征。结果表明:研究区年均风速和起沙风频率分别为2.13 m·s-1和3.91%,年输沙势19.89 VU,属低风能环境,年际变率小,季节变化明显,冬季输沙势最高。主导风向相对单一,以南风和西风为主,且随季节变化差异显著。灌丛地表细颗粒占绝对优势,<250 μm细颗粒含量超过85%,并以<63 μm粉沙为主;无植被覆盖路基边坡<250 μm细颗粒含量60%~80%,>500 μm粗颗粒含量高达22%。灌丛沉积物平均粒径43.85 μm、偏度0.29、峰度1.41、分选系数2.06,边坡处对应值分别为117.18 μm、0.16、1.00、2.09,两地沉积物分选较差,灌丛沉积物更细且粒径分布更集中,说明灌丛保护下地表物质较为稳定,细颗粒被较好地保存。

关键词: 荒漠灌丛, 敦煌-格尔木铁路, 风动力环境, 输沙势, 粒度特征

Abstract:

The Dunhuang-Germany Railway passes through the desert area in northwest China, with bare surfaces, abundant sand sources and strong windblown sand activities. This paper reveals the wind dynamic environment and surface sediment characteristics of the shrub sections along the railway through field wind fixed position monitoring and surface sediment grain size analysis. The results show that the annual average wind speed and the frequency of sand-driving in the study area are 2.13 m·s-1 and 3.91%, and the annual sand transport potential is 19.89 VU, which is a low wind environment with little inter-annual variation and obvious seasonal variation, and the highest sand transport potential in winter. The dominant wind direction is relatively homogeneous, mainly south wind and west wind, and with significant seasonal variation. The sediment in the shrub desert is dominated by fine particles, with <250 μm fine particles exceeding 85% and dominated by <63 μm silt; The <250 μm fine particles content on the unvegetated roadbed slopes ranges from 60% to 80%, with >500 μm coarse particles content reaching up to 22%. The mean grain size of the shrub sediment was 43.85 μm, with a skewness of 0.29, kurtosis of 1.41 and sorting coefficient of 2.06, and the corresponding value at roadbed slope is 117.18 μm, 0.16, 1.00 and 2.09, respectively. The sediments on the two sampling points are poor sorting, and the sediments under shrub are finer with a more concentrated grain size distribution, indicating that the surface material is stable due to shrub protection and fine particles are well preserved.

Key words: shrub desert, Dunhuang-Golmud Railway, wind dynamic environment, sand drift potential, grain size characteristics

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